English Literature and Linguistics

The terms "modernism," "postmodernism," "rationalism," "empiricism," "idealism," etc. do not mean in the " aesthetic domains " (art, architecture, and now literary critical theory) what they mean in philosophy. The sense of liberation from an oppresive " modernity" or "modernism " in the aesthetic domains makes great sense - given what " modernity " and " modernism " have meant in those domains.                By contrast, "modernity" and "modernism" in philosophy are sufficiently different that it is difficult to make direct comparisons between the aesthetic and the philosophical. In the philosophical world, what the aesthetic postmodernist rejection of "modernity" and "rationalism" appears to mean is really a rejection of Cartesian rationalism and Descartes' propensity to think dualistically. But this is in many ways a major theme of phil...

Ahmad Ali ’s Twilight in Delhi is a marvelous novel. It brings before our eyes a true “ motion-picture” of how the Muslims of the sub-continent used to live their religious, social, cultural, single and collective life during the tumultuous years of 1857-1919 .                     Another important thing to note is that, Ahmad Ali shows us all the positive as well as negative aspects of the Muslim Cultural life of sub-continent. So there is no taboo binding the hands of the writer to omit this or that part of the life : he presents life as a whole in all its aspects and colors.                     The details of Mehro’s marriage with Meraj , the son of Bhopal millionaire, added with the details of Mushtari Bai and Babban Jan , provide ample proof for our statements in th...

☸. Background Romanticism  is the name given to a dominant movement in literature and the other arts – particularly music and painting – in the the period from the 1770s to the mid-nineteenth century: It is regarded as having  transformed artistic styles and practices.  Like many other terms applied to movements in the arts, the word covers a  wide and varied range  of artists and practicesIt is  a retrospective term , applied by later literary, art and musical historians. None of the artists we refer to as Romantics would have so described themselvesIt was a  European  phenomenon, particularly powerful in Britain, France and Germany, but also affecting countries such as Italy, Spain and Poland. There was also, to some extent, an American version of the movement. ☸. Reaction to earlier age Like many other literary movements, it developed in reaction to the dominant style of the preceding period : The eighteenth century is often described by l...

Background: In June 2014, a joint military offensive was conducted by the  Pakistan Armed Forces   against various groups in  North Waziristan   which has been the site of a wave of violence. The military offensive,  Operation Zarb-e-Azb , was launched in the wake of the  8 June attack on Jinnah International Airport in Karachi , for which the TTP claimed responsibility. It is part of the ongoing  war in North-West Pakistan  in which more than 2,100 have been killed so far,  and, according to the Army, almost 90% of  North Waziristan  has been cleared. Incident: On 16 December 2014, six gunmen affiliated with the  Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan  (TTP) conducted a terrorist attack on the  Army Public School  in the northwestern Pakistani city of  Peshawar . The militants, all of whom were foreign nationals, included one  Chechen , three Arabs and two  Afghans . They entered the school and opened f...

History of English literature is divided into following periods: 1.Old or Anglo Saxon literature. 2.Middle English literature. 3.Elizabethan literature. 4.The age of Milton. 5.Restoration drama. 6.Neoclassicism. 7.Romanticism. 8.The Victorian period. 9.The twentieth century (modern). 10.Post modernism (present) . 1. Old English literature: (600-1100): The greatest old English poem called 'Beowulf ' whose author is unknown. The old English authors, are known by name are Caedmon , the author of a short Hymn and Cynewulf the author of four long poems. 2.Middle English literature :(1100-1500) ☣ Poetry:   the most important poet of the time is Geoffrey Chaucer , his greatest work is Canterbury tales. ☣ Drama: The three main types of medieval  drama are mystery plays about Biblical stories, miracle plays about the lives of saints and the miracles the performed , and morality plays , in which character s personify moral qualities such as charity or v...